转基因大豆MON89788检测质粒标准分子构建与应用

[目的]构建适用于转基因大豆MON89788检测的质粒标准分子.[方法]利用定性PCR和连接、转化等分子克隆技术,将大豆内标准基因lectin、MON89788的3'端特异性序列和5'端特异性序列依次克隆到pMD18-T载体上,获得质粒标准分子pMD-LM3M5,并进行适用性验证.[结果]获得了3 700 bp的质粒标准分子,其中重组DNA片段1 029 bp.该质粒标准分子的定性PCR检测灵敏度达到10 copy.[结论]该研究构建的质粒标准分子pMD-LM3M5能替代NON89788基体标准品,用于MON89788大豆及其产品的定性PCR检测. Abstract： [Objective] The aim was to construct a plasmid reference molecule (PRM) for detection of transgenic soybean MON89788.[Method]the lectin gene sequence,3'-junction and 5'-junction sequence between host plant DNA integrated DNA of MON89788 soybean were amplified independently,and the three fragments were cloned into the cloning vector pMD18-T in order through molecular manipulation method to construct pMD-LM3M5,the applicability of the constructed novel PRM was tested. [Result] Sequencing confirmation result showed that the PRM was 3 700 bp in length,containing 1 029 bp of recombined DNA fragment.The limits of qualitative detection of the PRM were 10 copies,[Conclusion]The PRM constructed in this study was suitable for the identification of MON89788 event.     

宁波地区小菜蛾幼虫期和蛹期寄生蜂调查

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella是十字花科蔬菜最重要的世界性害虫,保护和利用寄生性天敌是控制小菜蛾的重要手段。为有效控制小菜蛾在蔬菜上的为害,减少农药用量,作者于2007年4月至2009年1月对宁波地区小菜蛾幼虫期和蛹期主要寄生性天敌种类及其田间自然被寄生率进行了调查。结果表明,宁波地区十字花科蔬菜上小菜蛾幼虫期和蛹期共有8种原寄生蜂（菜蛾盘绒茧蜂Cotesia vestalis、螟蛉盘绒茧蜂Cotesia ruficrus、颈双缘姬蜂Diadromus col-laris、东方长颊姬蜂Macromalon orientale、棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae、无脊大腿小蜂Brachymeria excarinata、齿唇姬蜂Campoletissp.、弯尾姬蜂Diadegmasp.）、1种兼性寄生蜂（菜蛾啮小蜂Oomyzus sokolowskii）和5种重寄生蜂（盘背菱室姬蜂Mesochorus discitergus、粘虫广肩小蜂Eurytoma verticillata、稻灿金小蜂Trichomalopsis oryzae、绒茧灿金小蜂Trichomalopsis apanteloctena和啮小蜂Tetrastichussp.）,其中优势种为菜蛾啮小蜂和菜蛾盘绒茧蜂,分别占62.23%和31.19%,同时,小菜蛾幼虫期田间自然被寄生率普遍高于蛹期。另外,菜地蔬菜品种的多样性有利于寄生蜂的保护和利用。     

Cross‐resistance,mode of inheritance and stability of resistance to emamectin in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is a cosmopolitan pest that has developed resistance to several insecticides. The aim of the present study was to establish whether an emamectin‐selected (Ema‐SEL) population could render cross‐resistance to other insecticides, and to investigate the genetics of resistance. RESULTS: Bioassays at G₁ gave resistance ratios (RRs) of 80‐, 2980‐, 3050‐ and 2800‐fold for emamectin, abamectin, indoxacarb and acetamiprid, respectively, compared with a laboratory susceptible population Lab‐PK. After three rounds of selection, resistance to emamectin in Ema‐SEL increased significantly, with RRs of 730‐fold and 13‐fold compared with the Lab‐PK and unselected (UNSEL) population respectively. Further studies revealed that three generations were required for a tenfold increase in resistance to emamectin. Resistance to abamectin, indoxacarb, acetamiprid and emamectin in UNSEL declined significantly compared with the field population at G₁. Furthermore, selection with emamectin reduced resistance to abamectin, indoxacarb and acetamiprid on a par with UNSEL. Crosses between Ema‐SEL and Lab‐PK indicated autosomal and incomplete dominance of resistance. A direct test of a monogenic model and Land's method suggested that resistance to emamectin was controlled by more than one locus. CONCLUSION: Instability of resistance and lack of cross‐resistance to other insecticides suggest that insecticides with different modes of action should be recommended to reduce emamectin selection pressure. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

青海云杉群落优势种群空间格局多样性研究

在青海云杉群落中用GPS定位设置样地16个、样方256个,研究甘肃祁连山林区青海云杉林优势种的空间分布格局。结果表明:青海云杉群落优势种的空间分布格局为集群分布;不同类型以及同一类型在不同的海拔高度的格局类型不尽相同,草类—青海云杉林逼近泊松分布,苔藓—青海云杉林有逼近泊松分布的趋势,混交林和其他类型为集群分布;不同类型优势种群的集群强度依次为:青海云杉混交林>灌木—青海云杉林>马先蒿—青海云杉林>苔藓—青海云杉林>草类—青海云杉林。苔藓—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 777～2 800 m为显著均匀分布,2 830～3 050 m为显著集群分布;草类—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 660～2 680 m为均匀分布,3 050～3 110 m为显著集群分布;混交林中青海云杉种群随海拔升高,集群强度增大,始终为显著集群分布;灌木—青海云杉林在低海拔(2 730 m)为均匀分布,在高海拔(2 880 m)为集群分布。青海云杉群落的进展演替过程依次为:青海云杉混交林、灌木—青海云杉林、草类—青海云杉林、马先蒿—青海云杉林、苔藓—青海云杉林。     

西江两个广东鲂产卵场浮游植物群落差异分析

2007年4月23～24日对西江两个天然广东鲂产卵场——青皮塘和罗旁的浮游植物种类组成及分布进行了调查,共发现浮游植物98种(含变种、变型和未知藻种),其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)70种,占总种数的71.43%;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)12属20种,占总种数的20.41%;蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)3属4种;裸藻门(Euglenophyta)2属2种;隐藻门(Cryptophyta)和金藻门(Chrysophyta)均为1种。两产卵场中,硅藻在浮游植物总密度中所占百分比均大于70%。青皮塘的浮游植物种类数和种群密度均呈自上游至下游增加的趋势;罗旁则相反。变异直链藻(M.varians)是两个产卵场共有的绝对优势种,根据该种的污染指示性作用,其在两个产卵场的分布差异在一定程度上或一个侧面反映出,罗旁的水质环境略优于青皮塘。     

一类局部弱α-对角占优矩阵

利用矩阵分块和α-对角占优矩阵的性质,给出了一类局部弱α-对角占优矩阵为广义严格对角占优矩阵及其比较阵为非奇异M-矩阵的若干充分条件,拓展了广义严格对角占优矩阵的判定准则.     

栉孔扇贝类立克次体自然感染调查及人工感染试验

从 1999年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 3月对导致栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri)大规模死亡的可疑病原进行了系统调查 ,在栉孔扇贝体内发现 1种细胞内寄生原核生物。根据该原核生物超微形态结构及所形成的包涵体形态特征及染色性质分析 ,初步确定为类立克次体 (Rickettsia likeorganisms ,RLO)。该RLO大小为 (3.6 2 3± 1.4 35 ) μm× (1.343± 0 .32 6 ) μm (n =4 5 ) ,主要寄生在栉孔扇贝的鳃、消化腺的上皮组织中。其感染率和感染强度与水温及栉孔扇贝死亡率呈负相关关系。人工感染试验证明 ,RLO可引起栉孔扇贝感染 ,但不形成大面积明显的组织病理变化。本研究表明 ,RLO对栉孔扇贝不具明显的致病性 ,不是导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的主要原因。     

转基因大豆MON89788检测质粒标准分子的构建与应用

[目的]构建适用于转基因大豆MON89788检测的质粒标准分子。[方法]利用定性PCR和连接、转化等分子克隆技术,将大豆内标准基因lectin、MON89788的3′端特异性序列和5′端特异性序列依次克隆到pMD18-T载体上,获得质粒标准分子pMD-LM3M5,并进行适用性验证。[结果]获得了3700bp的质粒标准分子,其中重组DNA片段1029bp。该质粒标准分子的定性PCR检测灵敏度达到10copy。[结论]该研究构建的质粒标准分子pMD-LM3M5能替代MON89788基体标准品,用于MON89788大豆及其产品的定性PCR检测。     

永定县农产品加工业现状与发展思路

近年来永定县农产品加工业出现了良好态势,主要表现在产业发展加快,企业规模不断扩大,特色比较鲜明,增长机制灵活,综合效益显著等五个方面。但也存在加工总量不足,知名企业偏少,企业实力不强,原料基地分散,管理服务滞后等问题;分析了农产品加工业的发展潜力,提出永定县农产品加工业的发展方向和建议。     

Open geospatial technology standards and their potential in plant pest risk management—GPS-enabled mobile phones utilising open geospatial technology standards Web Feature Service Transactions support the fighting of fire blight in Norway

The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.